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HbA1c is a blood test that is used to help diagnose and monitor people with diabetes. It is also sometimes called a hemoglobin A1c, glycated hemoglobin or glycosylated hemoglobin.
Proteins circulate throughout your blood to help your body maintain fluid balance. Albumin is a type of protein the liver makes. It’s one of the most abundant proteins in your blood.
Bilirubin that is bound to a certain protein is called unconjugated, or indirect, bilirubin. Conjugated, or direct, bilirubin travels freely through your bloodstream to your liver. Most of this bilirubin passes into the small intestine. This bilirubin also gives urine its distinctive yellow color
A bilirubin test measures the levels of bilirubin in your blood. Bilirubin (bil-ih-ROO-bin) is a yellowish pigment that is made during the normal breakdown of red blood cells. Bilirubin passes through the liver and is eventually excreted out of the body. Higher than normal levels of bilirubin may indicate different types of liver or bile duct problems
A calcium blood test measures the amount of calcium in your blood. Calcium is one of the most important minerals in your body. You need calcium for healthy bones and teeth. Calcium is also essential for proper functioning of your nerves, muscles, and heart.
A complete cholesterol test - also called a lipid panel or lipid profile - is a blood test that can measure the amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in your blood.
This test measures how well your kidneys are performing their job of filtering waste from your blood. Creatinine is a chemical compound left over from energy-producing processes in your muscles. Healthy kidneys filter creatinine out of the blood. Creatinine exits your body as a waste product in urine
This test measures blood sugar after an overnight fast (not eating). High fasting blood sugar levels point to insulin resistance or diabetes, while abnormally low fasting blood sugar could be due to diabetes medications.
A high-density lipoprotein (HDL) test measures the level of good cholesterol in your blood. Cholesterol is a waxy substance that’s found in all of the cells in your body. It has several different functions, including helping to build your body’s cells. Cholesterol is carried through the bloodstream attached to proteins called lipoproteins.
LDL tests are a form of blood test that doctors use to measure the amount of LDL cholesterol in a persons bloodstream. LDL tests can be part of a lipid panel test, or they can measure LDL levels directly. Lipid panels can help doctors calculate LDL cholesterol levels by measuring the following: total cholesterol.
A triglycerides test measures the amount of triglycerides in your blood. Triglycerides are a type of fat in your body. If you eat more calories than you need, the extra calories are changed into triglycerides. These triglycerides are stored in your fat cells for later use. When your body needs energy, triglycerides are released into your bloodstream to provide fuel for your muscles to work. If you eat more calories than you burn off, especially calories from carbohydrates and fats, you may get high triglyceride levels in your blood. High triglycerides may put you at greater risk for a heart attack or stroke.
During the metabolism of protein in the body, the liver creates ammonia, which is broken down into a by-product called urea. Kidneys filter excess urea into the urine and in sweat, but some goes into the bloodstream as serum urea.
A uric acid blood test, also known as a serum uric acid measurement, determines how much uric acid is present in your blood. The test can help determine how well your body produces and removes uric acid.
Alkaline phosphatase is one kind enzyme found in your body, If your liver isn’t working right, the amount of ALP in your blood may be high. Doctors often use the test to look for blocked bile ducts
This test is done to measure the amount of Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT) in blood serum. GPT is an enzyme found in heart cells, kidney, muscles and liver, this test is needed on a regular basis to keep the liver in a healthy state
The SGOT test is a blood test that’s part of a liver profile. It measures one of two liver enzymes, called serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase. This enzyme is now usually called AST, which stands for aspartate aminotransferase. An SGOT test (or AST test) evaluates how much of the liver enzyme is in the blood.
The TSH Test (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Test) measures the level of thyroid hormone stimulation in your blood, helping evaluate how well your thyroid gland is functioning. It plays a key role in diagnosing thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and helps monitor treatment effectiveness. Maintaining balanced TSH levels is essential for energy, metabolism, and overall hormonal health.
A FT4 test measures the blood level of the hormone FT4, also known as thyroxine, which is produced by the thyroid gland and helps control metabolism and growth. The T4 test is performed as part of an evaluation of thyroid function.
A complete blood count (CBC) is a blood test used to evaluate your overall health and detect a wide range of disorders, including anemia, infection and leukemia.
Iron tests measure different substances in the blood to check iron levels in your body. Iron is a mineral that's essential for making red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. Iron is also important for healthy muscles, bone marrow, and organ function. Iron levels that are too low or too high can cause serious health problems.
The serum phosphate test measures the amount of inorganic phosphate in your blood plasma (the liquid part of blood). In the body, phosphorus is combined with oxygen to form a variety of phosphates (PO4). Phosphates are vital for energy production, muscle and nerve function, and bone growth.
A prolactin (PRL) test measures the level of prolactin in the blood. Prolactin is a hormone made by the pituitary gland, a small gland at the base of the brain. Prolactin causes the breasts to grow and make milk during pregnancy and after birth. Prolactin levels are normally high for pregnant women and new mothers.
What is CA 15-3?
Cancer Antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) is a protein that is produced by normal and cancerous cells. It is primarily used as a tumor marker for breast cancer and is helpful in monitoring treatment and detecting recurrences.
When Should You Do the CA 15-3 Test?
Breast Cancer: This test is most often used for individuals diagnosed with breast cancer to assess the response to treatment or detect cancer recurrence. It is not typically used for early detection or screening in the general population.
Metastatic Breast Cancer: Elevated levels of CA 15-3 are often associated with metastatic breast cancer, where cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Monitoring: CA 15-3 is used in combination with other diagnostic tools like imaging studies to follow the progress of cancer treatment.
What to Do Before the Test?
No Special Preparations: The CA 15-3 test generally does not require any specific preparations such as fasting or medication adjustments.
Follow Doctor’s Advice: Depending on the patient’s medical history, the healthcare provider might give specific instructions for optimal test accuracy.
Importance of the Test
CA 15-3 is an important marker in managing breast cancer. It helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of treatments, track the progression of the disease, and detect potential recurrences early. However, it is not a definitive diagnostic tool for cancer and should be used alongside other tests.
Zinc can be tested along with other trace elements (e.g iron, copper & selenium) to identify deficiencies where a person may benefit from supplementation. When a person displays clinical symptoms that may be associated with zinc deficiency, the measurement of zinc can determine if supplementation is required.
The Total Cholesterol/HDL Ratio Test helps evaluate your overall heart health by measuring the balance between total cholesterol and “good” HDL cholesterol. This ratio provides a more accurate picture of cardiovascular risk than total cholesterol alone, helping you and your doctor understand how well your body manages fats and supports healthy blood circulation. Maintaining a healthy ratio is essential for protecting the heart, improving metabolism, and promoting long-term wellness.
The LDL/HDL Ratio Test provides a clear picture of your heart health by measuring the balance between “bad” and “good” cholesterol. Maintaining the right ratio helps reduce the risk of heart disease, improve circulation, and support overall cardiovascular wellness — a key step toward a healthier lifestyle.
A rheumatoid factor (RF) test measures the amount of rheumatoid factor (RF) in your blood. Rheumatoid factors are proteins produced by the immune system. Normally, the immune system attacks disease-causing substances like viruses and bacteria.
A total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) test measures the bloods ability to attach itself to iron and transport it around the body. A transferrin test is similar. If you have iron deficiency (a lack of iron in your blood), your iron level will be low but your TIBC will be high. If you have too much iron (for example, if you have a condition like haemochromatosis), your iron level will be high but your TIBC will be low or normal.
Unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC) is a blood test most frequently used along with a serum iron test and a total iron-binding capacity test (TIBC) to evaluate people suspected of having either iron deficiency or iron overload.
Alkaline phosphatase is one kind enzyme found in your body, If your liver isn’t working right, the amount of ALP in your blood may be high. Doctors often use the test to look for blocked bile ducts
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine tests can be used together to find the BUN-to-creatinine ratio. A BUN-to-creatinine ratio can help your doctor check for problems, such as dehydration, that may cause abnormal BUN and creatinine levels.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measures how much blood these filters clean every minute based on your body size. When you have a routine blood test, eGFR is often part of the basic metabolic panel
The high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) test is a blood test that finds lower levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). This protein measures general levels of inflammation in your body. The hs-CRP can be used to find the risk for heart disease and stroke in people who dont already have heart disease.
A gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) test measures the amount of GGT in the blood. GGT is an enzyme found throughout the body, but it is mostly found in the liver. When the liver is damaged, GGT may leak into the bloodstream.
Ferritin is a blood protein that contains iron. A ferritin test helps your doctor understand how much iron your body stores. If a ferritin test reveals that your blood ferritin level is lower than normal, it indicates your bodys iron stores are low and you have iron deficiency. As a result, you could be anemic.
What is Vitamin B12?
Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for red blood cell production, neurological function, and DNA synthesis. It is commonly found in animal-based foods and supplements.
What is the Importance of Vitamin B12?
Vitamin B12 is vital for maintaining nerve health and preventing anemia. Deficiency can cause fatigue, weakness, memory issues, and neurological problems. Testing Vitamin B12 levels is important, especially for individuals with dietary restrictions like vegans or those with absorption issues.
When Should I Test for Vitamin B12?
Consider a Vitamin B12 test if you experience symptoms like:
Fatigue
Memory problems
Numbness
Weakness.
It's also recommended for individuals with digestive disorders or those on restrictive diets.
What Should I Do Before Coming to Test?
No specific preparation is generally required for a Vitamin B12 test, but it’s best to consult with a healthcare provider, particularly if you’re taking any supplements that might influence test results.
A magnesium blood test measures the amount of magnesium in your blood. Magnesium is a type of electrolyte. Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals that are responsible for many important functions and processes in your body.
A test to determine if there is a problem with your body’s electrolyte balance or acid-base (pH) balance and to monitor treatment; as part of a routine health checkup
A potassium blood test measures the amount of potassium in your blood. Potassium is a type of electrolyte. Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals in your body that help control muscle and nerve activity, maintain fluid levels, and perform other important functions. Your body needs potassium to help your heart and muscles work properly.
A total serum protein test measures the total amount of protein in the blood. It also measures the amounts of two major groups of proteins in the blood: albumin and globulin. A test for total serum protein reports separate values for total protein, albumin, and globulin.
A sodium blood test measures the amount of sodium in your blood. Sodium is a type of electrolyte. Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals that help maintain fluid levels and the balance of chemicals in your body called acids and bases. Sodium also helps your nerves and muscles work properly.
What is Vitamin D?
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the body, promoting bone health. It can be obtained through sunlight exposure, diet, or supplements.
What is the Importance of Vitamin D?
Vitamin D supports strong bones, immune function, and overall health. Deficiency can lead to bone disorders like rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults.
When Should I Test for Vitamin D?
Test for Vitamin D if you experience fatigue, bone pain, or frequent infections.
What Should I Do Before Coming to Test?
No special preparation is needed for a Vitamin D test.
What is CA 125?
CA 125 (Cancer Antigen 125) is a protein that is often elevated in the blood of individuals with certain types of cancer, most notably ovarian cancer. It can also be elevated in other conditions, both cancerous and non-cancerous. This test is used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment in ovarian cancer and detect recurrence, as well as for other cancers like endometrial, peritoneal, and fallopian tube cancers.
When Should You Do the CA 125 Test?
Ovarian Cancer Monitoring: If a person has been diagnosed with ovarian cancer, the CA 125 test helps in assessing the response to treatment and monitoring for any recurrence.
Screening in High-Risk Individuals: For women with a family history of ovarian cancer or those at high risk, the CA 125 test may be part of regular screenings, although it’s not recommended as a standalone screening test.
Symptomatic Evaluation: It may also be performed if a woman presents symptoms like pelvic pain, bloating, or abnormal bleeding, which can be associated with ovarian cancer.
What to Do Before the Test?
No Special Preparations: Typically, no fasting or specific preparations are needed before taking the CA 125 test.
Inform Your Doctor: Always inform your healthcare provider of any medications or medical conditions, as certain conditions, such as menstruation, pregnancy, or pelvic inflammatory disease, can affect CA 125 levels.
Importance of the Test
The CA 125 test is a valuable tool for monitoring ovarian cancer treatment and recurrence. It’s not considered accurate enough for early detection in the general population, but it provides essential information about the progression or remission of ovarian cancer when combined with other diagnostic methods, such as imaging studies.