Tumor Markers - Male

Beta-hCG is a test that measures the amount of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the blood. This hormone is produced as soon as 10 days post-conception and an above-normal level can confirm pregnancy.

What is the PSA Test? The PSA test measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood. PSA is a protein produced by the prostate gland, and elevated levels can indicate prostate cancer or other prostate conditions, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostatitis. While a high PSA level can suggest cancer, it is not definitive; additional tests may be needed for a conclusive diagnosis​( Comprehensive Cancer Information) When Should You Do the PSA Test? Age Guidelines: The test is typically recommended for men starting at age 50, or earlier for those at higher risk (e.g., family history of prostate cancer). Frequency: Some guidelines suggest annual testing for men over 50, while discussions about the necessity and frequency of screening should be held with a healthcare provider​. Preparation for the PSA Test: Avoid Certain Activities: Ejaculation: Refrain from sexual activity for 24-48 hours before the test, as this can elevate PSA levels​. Exercise: Intense physical activity, such as biking or vigorous exercise, should also be avoided for 48 hours prior to testing​. Medication Considerations: Inform your healthcare provider about any medications you are taking, as some drugs can affect PSA levels​. Fasting: Generally, fasting is not required for this test, but it's always good to follow your healthcare provider's specific instructions​. Recommended Practices Before Testing Consultation: Discuss the benefits and risks of the PSA test with your healthcare provider to make an informed decision based on your health history and risk factors​

What is CA 19-9? Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is a protein often produced by cancerous cells, primarily those in the pancreas, but also in the stomach, liver, and bile ducts. CA 19-9 is commonly used as a tumor marker, particularly in pancreatic cancer, to help detect and monitor the disease. When Should You Do the CA 19-9 Test? Pancreatic Cancer: The CA 19-9 test is primarily used for diagnosing and monitoring pancreatic cancer. It helps evaluate the effectiveness of cancer treatments and track disease progression. Biliary or Gallbladder Disease: CA 19-9 can also help detect cancers of the bile ducts or gallbladder and is sometimes used to monitor the treatment of these diseases. Gastrointestinal Disorders: In some cases, elevated CA 19-9 levels may indicate gastrointestinal conditions, such as liver disease, but it is not used for screening the general population. What to Do Before the Test? No Special Preparations: Generally, no specific preparations are required before taking the CA 19-9 test. Follow Doctor’s Instructions: Depending on your medical condition, your doctor may provide specific guidelines before the test. Why is this Test Important? The CA 19-9 test is valuable in monitoring cancer treatment, particularly for pancreatic cancer, and in detecting recurrences after treatment. Although not a definitive diagnostic tool, it provides crucial insights when combined with other diagnostic methods.

What is AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein)? Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) is a protein that is primarily produced by the liver and yolk sac of a developing fetus. In adults, elevated AFP levels can be indicative of certain types of cancer, particularly liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma), testicular cancer, and ovarian cancer. It is also used as part of prenatal screening tests. When Should You Do the AFP Test? Cancer Screening: The AFP test is mainly used in individuals at high risk of developing liver cancer, such as those with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis. It is also a marker for testicular and ovarian cancers. Monitoring Cancer Treatment: AFP levels can be used to monitor the effectiveness of cancer treatments and to check for cancer recurrence after treatment. Prenatal Testing: During pregnancy, AFP is part of screening tests that help detect neural tube defects or chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. What to Do Before the Test? No Special Preparations: Generally, no fasting or other special preparations are required for the AFP test. Follow Doctor's Instructions: Your healthcare provider may give specific instructions based on your health condition and medical history. Why is this Test Important? AFP testing is crucial for early cancer detection, especially liver cancer, in high-risk individuals. It also plays an essential role in monitoring cancer progression and recurrence, making it a key tool in personalized cancer treatment plans.

A complete blood count (CBC) is a blood test used to evaluate your overall health and detect a wide range of disorders, including anemia, infection and leukemia.